![]() ![]() documents originating from an authority or official connected with the courts of a Member State, including those originating from the Public Prosecutor's Office or from a court clerk, officer or bailiff (“huissier de justice”).This Regulation applies to the following public documents issued by the authorities of a Member State in accordance with its national law that are to be presented to the authorities of another Member State The most important instrument is Regulation (EU) 2016/1191 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 on promoting the free movement of citizens by simplifying the requirements for presenting certain public documents in the European Union and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012. Given the growing number of exchanges between different countries around the world, many of them have signed agreements aimed at facilitating this type of procedure for their citizens, including Spain. ![]() Unless there is a legal instrument that provides an exemption from this obligation, all foreign public documents must be legalised in order to be valid in Spain and all Spanish public documents must be legalised in order to be valid abroad. Legalisation does not certify the content or the destination of the document. Job opportunities in international organisations and in the European Union.Public participation in regulatory projects.The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy.International cooperation for development.Secretary of State for International Cooperation.State Secretary for Ibero-America and the Caribbean and Spanish around the World.Secretary of State for the European Union.State Secretary for Foreign and Global Affairs.Russia has severely disabled a Chechen rebel movement, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus. Since then, Russia has shifted its post-Soviet democratic ambitions in favor of a centralized semi-authoritarian state in which the leadership seeks to legitimize its rule through managed national elections, populist appeals by President PUTIN, and continued economic growth. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. Russia is a sovereign country in Central Asia, with a total land area of approximately 16,377,742 sq km. ![]()
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