![]() ![]() The pooled prevalence of symptoms were estimated using the metaprop package in Stata/MP v15. “respiratory symptoms”) without further description or definition we were not able to extract this information. When studies grouped symptoms together (e.g. nausea and vomiting) we extracted the prevalence of both. Where studies reported one symptom “and” another (e.g. nausea or vomiting) we did not extract this information as it was impossible to disaggregate. Where studies reported one symptom “or” another (e.g. We combined the following symptoms: “chest tightness” into the more prevalent symptom of wheeze “shivers” and “chills” into rigors malaise and “generalised weakness” (in the absence of any objective neurological deficit) into the more widely reported symptom of fatigue conjunctivitis, conjunctival congestion and conjunctivital secretions into conjunctivitis. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Two authors (MG and LG) independently extracted data and three authors (ZM, ELC and RGW) checked the accuracy of the extracted data using a standardised spreadsheet. ![]() The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with COVID-19 worldwide. The necessity to address deficiencies in current literature and potential to substantially improve the precision of estimates of symptom prevalence using both indexed and (the more voluminous and up-to-date) preprint literature from multiple geographical regions, represents the rational for this review. To facilitate the rapid dissemination of high-quality open-science, there has been a surge of preprints related to COVID-19 manuscripts uploaded to the online archives medRxiv and bioRxiv. Furthermore, with few included studies (30 in the largest and most recent ), the range of symptoms were limited and the estimates of prevalence are likely to be upwardly biased because only unwell patients (largely those admitted to hospital) were tested in the early phase of the outbreak. Without incorporating all relevant preprints the findings of any systemic review will be weeks-months out-of-date at the time of publication. ![]() preprint archives such as medRxiv and bioRxiv) and in the context of a pandemic, the quality and quantity of the literature is evolving at speed. None systemically searched the grey literature (e.g. Several systematic reviews have considered the symptoms of COVID-19 (amongst other parameters) although all of them have major limitations. Self-isolation (or self-quarantine) is an effective global strategy for limiting transmission following the emergence of symptoms and equally, the manifestation of symptoms is used to guide testing.Ĭoronavirus is most infectious in the early phase of the illness, so screening people with compatible symptoms is fundamental to determining who should be quarantined and be tested. In the absence of a vaccine or treatment with proven efficacy, limiting human-to-human transmission is critical. As of April 10 th 2020, there were over 1.5 million confirmed cases of whom over 92,000 have died. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 2019-nCoV COVID-19) pandemic is a global crisis. The funders had no role in the initiation, conduct or publication of this project.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Marc Arbyn was supported by the VALCOR project (Sciensano, Brussels, Begium). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Luke McGuinness is supported by an NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship (DRF-2018-11-ST2-048). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The raw extracted data and additional relevant files are available via an Open Science Framework repository ( ).įunding: Ryckie G Wade is a Doctoral Research Fellow funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, DRF-2018-11-ST2-028). Received: Accepted: JPublished: June 23, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Grant et al. Hirst, University of Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM (2020) The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries. Citation: Grant MC, Geoghegan L, Arbyn M, Mohammed Z, McGuinness L, Clarke EL, et al. ![]()
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